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The Horseman Pouter-Synopsis of Sources |
   | In German they were called Ritter-tauben, in French; Cavalier, Cavalier Espagnol, Cavalier Faraud, Cavalier Ordinaire. In Latin; Columba eques, Portuguese; Cavalleiro or Pombo Ladrao (Thief Pigeon) Now who was the first, in any language, to call this bird Horsman, Horseman, or the correct translation? From Don Raphael Buch-Brage’s files-: 1676: Willoughby, p.132, No. 12: Columba Eques, Light HORSEMAN Pigeon 1678: Willoughby, p.182, No. 12: " Light Horseman…. a bastard kind of cropper and carrier…. wattles and swollen throats…will not forsake their house…" 1688: Holme, Randle: ‘The Academy of Armoury’; Chester for the Author, folio II, 244/2: "Light Horseman, a bastard kind between a cropper and a carrier." 1693: HORSEMAN. Word cited in the ‘Oxford dictionary of English’ |
1713: Ray, John: ‘Synopsis Avium’ page 61, No. 12: Columba Eques 1728: A London newspaper advertisement: "To be sold…. Carriers, Horseman, Croppers, Powters…" 1735: Moore, John: ‘Columbarium or; The Pigeon House’, London. Page 31: "The Horseman…. matter of dispute, whether this be an original pigeon or whether it be not a bastard strain, bred between a Carrier and Tumbler, or a Carrier and a powter and so bred over again from a Carrier and the oftener it is thus bred, the stouter the Horseman becomes…. Blue and Blue Pieds are most noted to be genuine and good." Page 38: ‘Columba Tabellaria Guttorosa.’ "The Powting Horseman…. Bastard strain between the Cropper and the Horseman and according to the number of times that their young ones are bred over from the Cropper, they are called FIRST, SECOND or THIRD bred. (NOTE: This is the same method that has been used in Spain for centuries with the Buchonas Ladronas: called Tercerones, cuarterones y Quinterones.) They are a very merry Pigeon upon a house and by often dashing off are good to pitch stray Pigeons that are at a loss to find their own home…Some of them will home ten or twenty miles." 1738: Albin, Eleazer: ‘ A Natural History of Birds, illustrated with 205 Copper plates, curiously engraved from the life and exactly coloured by the author’. Page 41: "The Horseman Pigeon, No. XLV; Bastard breed between the Carrier and Cropper and sometimes the Carrier and Runt…of a dark bluish ash colour…. they are very apt to decoy other pigeons and is often practised by our London pigeon merchants. They take the cock as soon as the young are hatched and carrying him where there is any dove-houses, they throw him up and he will, by taking turns about, be sure to carry off some of the pigeons from the place, or if he meet any in his way, he will endeavour to take them with him." 1741: ‘Complete family piece’, III, 512: Horseman pigeon. 1750: Albin, Eleazer: ‘A Natural History of Birds’ 2nd ed. Page 30, plate 45: Horseman Pigeon 1750: Klein, Jacobus Theodorus (Germany 1685-1759), ‘Historiae avium prodromus cun praefactine de ordine Animalium in Genere &c.’ Lubecae, 1750…. page 118…IV, Columba Tabellaria, Cera magna in rostro, Pavedette, Carriers, the Horseman Pidgeon, Albin II, plate 45(Homing pigeon with large wattles on beak.) 1765: ‘A Treatise on Domestic Pigeons.’ London, C.Barry, 144 pages. Pages 86-88: The Horseman (follows John Moore.) 1767: Girton, Daniel. He copies from John Moore in all the various editions but in some of the cheaper issues the Horseman is not described, simply mentioned. No illustrations of Horseman. | |
   | CAVALIER Pigeon, in French 1754: ‘R’ French manuscript, page 80: CAVALIERS. (First French mention) 1759: La Chesnaye Des Bois, F.A.A.: ‘Dictionnaire Raisonne et Universel des Animaux’, Paris 4 volumes. Volume III, pages 450-463, Pigeons: Des Bois shortly describes le pigeon Cavalier, Columba Eques, Light Horseman. 1760: Brisson, J.M.: ‘Ornithologie’, Paris: Pigeon Cavalier, Columba Eques. 1765: Valmont De Bonare, M.J.O.: ‘Dictionnaire Raisonne Universel d’Histoire Naturelle’, Paris. Pigeon Cavalier, Columba Eques. 1774: Buffon, Count Georges Louis Leclers de: ‘Histoire Naturelle Generale et Particular’, Paris, Le Pigeon Cavalier de Willoughby and El Albin. |
1824: Boitard & Corbie: Cavalier, Columba Eques. Cavalleiro, Columba Eques, in Portuguese. 1906: Cyrillo Junior, J. J.: ‘Columbideos’, Lisbon, page 82, Chapter XXI. Pombo Cavalleiro, Columba Eques, Papo Ladrao (Hespanhol)(Thief Pigeon)(First Portuguese mention). From all of the above information one can see quite clearly that the name Horseman Pigeon or its translations in foreign languages was used for the first time by Willoughby in 1676, followed by other English authors. In France, the Cavalier Pigeon appeared in 1754, followed by Des Bois in 1759, Brisson in 1760, Valmont de Bonnare in 1765 and Buffon in 1774. In Portugal it was late in 1906, by Cyrillo Jr., Pombo Cavalleiro or Ladrao (Thief Pigeon) and in Italy as late as 1894 by G.C. Giacheti, page 367, Gruppo VIII, Razza 4: Battitore Spagnuolo o Ladrona. Additions: 1693: ‘Horseman’, cited in ‘The Oxford Dictionary of English.’ This was quoted from ‘The London Gazette’, 1693,No.2853, page 4, an advertisement: "There is 113 pair of pigeons…as Carriers, Croppers, Shakers, Pouting Horseman, Barbaries…to be sold" 1725: Bradley, Richard, ‘Family Dictionary, article Pigeons’: "…from the Tumbler and the Horseman, Dragoons…Bastard bred Pigeons, such as Pouting Horseman, Poutish Dragoons from a Powter or Cropper and a Leghorn." 1728: ‘A London Newspaper’; Advert: "That there is to be sold fine Carriers, Horseman, Croppers, Powters, Tumblers, Barbs, Mahomets, Nuns, Jacobins, Capuchins, Rising Turners, Trumpeters, Turbits, Shakers or Fan Tales. To be heard of at the Windmill in Nicholas Lane, near Cannon Street." | |